Here is the latest press release from MSF concerning the refugee camp in South Sudan with which I am now working:

South Sudan: making progress in Yida Camp

Date Published: 18/09/2012 04:28
Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders' (MSF) work in Yida camp is proving effective. MSF has reduced the mortality rate in the camp, which is now the home of families seeking refuge from conflict and food insecurity in Sudan.
However, living conditions remain a concern, as does the high prevalence of disease. The main causes of mortality have not changed since early July when the situation reached a critical threshold. André Heller, MSF's head of mission in South Sudan, explains why.
Question: Are the conditions in Yida camp as bad as they were in July when the mortality rates were so high? 
André Heller: "No, we've made significant progress. Between mid-June and mid-July, the mortality rates were twice the emergency threshold levels. One month later, the mortality rate in the hospital was down from 25 percent to two percent. But most deaths are still among children under five. They're the most vulnerable ones.
Generally speaking, MSF's work has had a real impact on the refugees' health. We've brought the mortality rate right down. First of all, we see far more children than one month ago. We're seeing some 3,000 patients per week, who are hospitalised or treated as outpatients. We've multiplied our consultation sites so the children come earlier, before they fall seriously ill. And we give the malnourished ones adapted therapeutic foods."
Can we say that the situation is under control in Yida?
"Not completely. First of all because nearly half the children diagnosed with malnutrition need hospitalisation. We've had to hospitalise 81 children in the week of 27th August alone. Furthermore, the main causes of mortality haven’t changed. If we look at the number of inpatient and outpatient cases treated by MSF, we see that the main causes of mortality haven't changed, except for the number of malaria cases which have risen sharply.
We're right in the middle of the rainy season, when malaria peaks. So we must keep up the fight against malaria. Otherwise diarrhoea, water-borne infections and pulmonary infections remain the main causes of mortality. Of course we're increasing our efforts. And other partners are working on access to water and improved hygiene conditions. But there's still room for improvement in this regard."
How did MSF expand its assistance to the refugee population in Yida?
"MSF has increased the means deployed, mainly by increasing the number of hospital beds from 40 to 100 and expanding staff numbers. We've quadrupled our expatriate team: doctors, nurses, and water and sanitation experts too, because we're intervening in hygiene and sanitation facilities in the camp.
Concretely, the MSF team has scaled up the capacity for pumping and storing borehole water so that we're now able to provide 80,000 litres of clean and chlorinated water. We also distribute jerry cans, as we saw that the refugees' jerry cans were dirty and contaminated, potentially transmitting infections. And we build public latrines. There were nowhere near enough and the camp's population keeps expanding.
People pour in every day, fleeing Sudan's conflict and food insecurity. Up to 1,000 new arrivals settle in the camp every week. We don't have precise figures for Yida's population, but it's estimated at between 50,000 and 65,000 people."
What other difficulties do you face?
"Since the rainy season started in June, it has been very complicated bringing in material, medicines, food and so on. Supplies have to be flown in. MSF has a small plane that can transport 750kg of freight, but we have to use the United Nations' helicopters too, as everything has to be brought in to Yida.

The rainy season will last another two months. It means we'll have mud underfoot for a while yet. We'll need to monitor the refugee's health and continue efforts to improve their living conditions. We've achieved a first step: the mortality rate has been reduced. Now we have to maintain the momentum over the next few months because the refugees’ situation in Yida is still precarious."

Here is the video that goes along with the article: http://vimeo.com/49608837

I returned from the camp to Juba on Thursday after a week's stay.  I was there with our Human Resources contact from Paris for a few of those days, and we accomplished quite a few things.  Now I am working on the budget for the project through the end of the year, and will afterwards be making financial projections for 2013.   Unfortunately for the refugees, we think that the camp will still be necessary.

My trip back to France for a break may be pushed back a few days.  All of our South Sudan financial team is changing between this coming weekend and the middle of October.  So I will probably go back after helping the new Financial Controller for the regular program get settled into his job, and return at the same time that the Accounting Manager changes.  After meetings in Paris, I should have about 1 week in Lyon to relax before returning here for another month.  Then, the financial team here should be settled in, and I can hand over to someone else for the South Sudanese emergency programs.

News from Yida (and also from Syria)

Here is an interview by Al Jazeera with a surgeon from Médecins Sans Frontières just returning from a mission at the border of Syria:

      http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRidj-Qc8s8

I am now in the Yida refugee camp in South Sudan, close to the border of Sudan.  I am here to replace the field administrator who took a weekend break in the capital of Juba, and also to work on the budget revision, take some decisions in some personnel conflicts, and put some administrative procedures in place. 

It took me a few days to get here.  I was supposed to fly out of Juba on Wednesday, but that plane was cancelled.  Thursday the plane took off, and I got to Rumbeck, where we switched from the plane to a helicopter.  We got to Lere just as a big storm broke out.  The Lere passengers got off and the rain started immediately.  So we waited out the rain on the ground (which quickly became a swamp).  It was pretty funny, because a lot of schoolkids were returning home, and they took shelter with us in the helicopter until we couldn't fit any more in.  When the rain slowed to a sprinkle after about 40 minutes, the kids got out and we continued on to Bentiu, the capital of Unity State.  Here we were told that the weather was too bad between there and Yida, so we had to return to Rumbeck or spend the night in Bentiu and continue on the next day.  I spent a lovely night in the Bentiu Grand Hotel, which is not so grand, and barely a hotel, more like a set of 24 storage compartments fitted out with small beds and mosquito nets, although it is as expensive as f***.   I won't even explain the condition of the toilets and showers.  It is the only hotel in Bentiu so they can get away with it.  At least the food was good.  And they had Heineken!  After waiting 3 hours the next day at the Bentiu helipad for our helicopter to return, I finally arrived on dirt runway in Yida on Friday around 1:00pm  

The camp continues to grow, sometimes slowly and sometimes faster, depending on the situation in Sudan.  The various conflicts along the border (on both sides) continue, and we do not know what will happen in the coming weeks. 

After only a few weeks, we have over 900 children in our program for undernourished children.  This is alarming, especially because the UN is distributing food to the camp residents.  My interpretation is that the arriving refugees are in a very poor condition, and these are the children we are enrolling in our program. 

I just left 3 weeks ago, and our hospital continues to change quickly.  We have just increased the number of international staff nurses by 6 to help with the workload and to improve the quality of care that we provide to our patients.   We are adding another doctor and 3 nurse practitionners as well.  This is turning into a huge project.

The residence compound for our international and relocated national staff is much better, although everyone is still in tents.  They have added more outhouses (VERY important, especially since many of the international staff get diahrrea soon after arriving) and showers.  We just installed commercial satellite internet capability which should cut the cost of communications from the slow, expensive system we had before, and it means that the team can communicate with their family and friends in the rare moments when they are not working.

I go back to Juba on Thursday, if all goes well.

Here in South Sudan

I have now been in South Sudan for nearly a month.

Juba is one of the most expensive cities in the world.  As the capital of the world’s newest country (South Sudan, which gained it’s independence from Sudan, just had it’s first anniversary on 9 July 2012) it is a created capital situated on the Nile.  It has grown very quickly, and there is a huge international population here with all the diplomatic corps and non-governmental organizations (NGOs – like us) based here.  So there are a lot of good restaurants – Thai, Indian, Ethopian, Italian, etc – but they are VERY expensive.  The Dinkas, who are the majority of the population, are herders so there is meat, but everything else must come from neighboring countries such as Kenya, Tchad, and Congo-Kinshasa making those products expensive also.  Fortunately, the do make (and consume) their own beer.

South Sudan’s primary resource is oil.  Unfortunately, the country is land-locked.  The pipelines to a seaport run through Sudan, its old enemy.  For the moment, the pipeline has been shut down, while South Sudan and Sudan haggle over the price of passage through Sudan for this precious product.  So no money is coming into the country.

At the same time, there is still fighting in Sudan just north of the border of South Sudan’s Unity State.  That is why many Sudanese living in that region have fled south into South Sudan.  And this flight has increased recently.  The camp in Yida, where MSF is working, grew from 20,000 people in May to an estimated 65,000 people last week.  The host community of Yida is about 700 people. 

We have been cooperating with several other NGOs and UN agencies to provide some infrastructure to the refugees.  Our part in all of this, since November 2011, has been to operate an out-patient clinic and a hospital, serving both the local population and the refugees.  We have also done some distribution of non-food items and have recently set up 3 outposts distributed within the camp to treat malnourished children.  

Obviously, with the increase of the size of the camp and with people arriving in worse and worse shape, we have had to greatly expand our out-patient and hospital facilities (which are housed mainly in tents) and the staffing to take care of these people.  There are no sanitary facilities either.  People have been urinating and defecating in the areas around their homes.  With the hot, dry weather, this was not so bad, but the rainy season started about a month ago, and this practice now creates a serious health hazard.  We will be cooperating with some other organizations to build communal latrines (out-houses) in the camp.  Using standard numbers of 1 latrine per 20 people, this means a total need in the camp of over 3,000 latrines!  We have committed to build 200 over the next few weeks.

I mentioned the start of the rainy season.  This is one of the defining phenomenas of South Sudan.  Rainy season starts end of July – early August and lasts until sometime in November.  During this time huge areas are flooded and roads are no longer passable.  Already, to get people in and out of the Yida camp we must rely on airplanes and helicopters – our own and those of the U.N.  (The camp, which is V-shaped has a short dirt runway running up the middle of the V.) But during the rainy season, all freight also has to go by air.  And because the runway is very short and becomes dangerous when wet, we can only fly in helicopters or Cessnas (with a small payload) during this time.  Right now, this airfreight capacity is the biggest limiting factors to our work.

For example, we currently have 872 malnourished children in our therapeutic feeding program, and the number is growing every week.  Just to treat these children we need around 200 boxes of therapeutic foods per week, about 3 tons.  That alone is the capacity of freight we have using our own plane.  And within the next 2 weeks are receiving about 25 tons of medical supplies plus more tonnage in logistical items for the latrines, plus a tractor (used to pull the Toyota landcruisers out of the mud when necessary).  All of this must be moved to Yida from 2 or 3 other airports as quickly as possible.  Our logisticians are pulling their hair out right now to find airplanes, helicopters, intermediate storage, and people to assure arrival of everything.

I arrived in Juba on 5 August, and made my first trip to the Yida camp about a week later, for 4 days.  We have a residence compound, again in tents, for around 22 people plus visitors.  It is adjacent to the hospital.  They were just moving from the old site to the new when I was there.  It should be much better now – they had completely outgrown their capacity already, and soon they will be 30 people living there.  The hospital has grown from 2 tents to 9.  The workload is tremendous – people were getting tired and sick.  

But with the new facilities, and the increase of staffing, we are slowly coming out of the emergency phase.  Our people have better living conditions, the residence sanitary conditions have improved, and the hospital mortality rate has dropped.  All of this greatly helps the health and moral of the team.

I will be returning to the camp this week for about 8 days.  There is still plenty of work to do.  I should be returning to France sometime in the beginning of October for 10-14 days.  Besides taking a break, I will be picking up my renewed French residence visa (which has been waiting for me since the end of July – I hope) and obtaining a second passport (working with the emergency department, that will allow me to have one in Paris for them to get new visas in one while I am in the field with another).  I will also be debriefing with the department heads on my time in Mali and South Sudan.  As of now, it is unclear if I will be returning to South Sudan afterwards, or if I go elsewhere.  It depends on the evolution of the situation here, and the emergence of other needs somewhere else.  I love this life!